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Post-Construction
Stormwater Management in North Carolina Today (pdf)
by EFC associate Glenn Barnes
This paper focuses on the key interactions between local governments
and the parties that construct, own, and maintain stormwater facilities.
The results provide insight into the different strategies local governments
are using to manage stormwater facilities. |
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Stormwater
Survey Results and Report (pdf)
by Sarah Bruce and Glenn Barnes
Results from a survey of 164 jurisdictions across North Carolina that
regulate stormwater using best management practices. |
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Hydropower
Relicensing: Opportunities for and Obstacles to Environmental Quality
Improvements and Recreational Enhancements on Southeastern Rivers
(pdf)
by Jeremy M. Firestone,
UNC Environmental Finance Center, Oct.
26, 2001
This report provides southeastern states and local units of government
with a window to and an overview of the regulatory process governing
the relicensing of hydropower dams by the Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC). |
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Southeast
Stormwater Utility Survey
Southeast
Stormwater Association, 2007
Results from a survey of stormwater utilities in the southeastern
United States conducted by the Southeast Stormwater Association and
funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4. This
report provides useful information to managers and policy-makers in
state and local governments in the southeast. |
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Wetlands
in North Carolina (pdf)
by Richard B. Whisnant
in Environmental and Conservation Law, December 1999 |
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Model
stormwater ordinance for North Carolina governments (pdf)
Developed in response to federal Phase II rules.
More information on the model stormwater ordinance
More information on stormwater finance |
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Model
universal stormwater ordinance for North Carolina (pdf)
Developed in response to federal Phase II rules.
More information on the model stormwater ordinance
More information
on stormwater finance |
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Utility Financing Confusion (pdf)
by Mary Tiger in NC Currents 2009 Summer magazine
This short article explores customer mis-understanding of utility financing and the problems that can cause for utility managers. |
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How many utilities in NC are raising residential rates, & by how much? (pdf)
by Shadi Eskaf in NC Currents 2009 Summer magazine
Using 2009 rate survey data, Mr. Eskaf explores and explains utility rate increases in North Carolina.
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Communicating on drought surcharges (pdf)
by Mary Tiger
This research used focus groups and interviews to gauge common themes of customer and City Council member perspectives on a proposed drought surcharge in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. Insight from this research can help utilities in their consideration, development and communication about drought surcharges in their own communities. |
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Beyond the Operating Ratio (pdf)
by EFC associate Sean Hughes
Current practice among investors, policy makers, and industry groups for identifying the condition of physical capital in water and wastewater utilities includes the use of several key financial ratios, such as Operating Ratio, Age of Plant, Fixed Asset Turnover and Infrastructure Condition. However, these ratios are frequently misinterpreted by users of the data who are unaware of the impact of inflation upon the ratios. This report explores distortions in key financial indicators. |
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The
State of Full Cost Pricing: Full cost pricing among public water and
sewer utilities in the southeast (pdf)
UNC Environmental Finance Center, October 2008
EFC examines full cost pricing practices among utilities in the southeastern
United States. |
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Cost Plus:
Estimating Real Determinants of Water and Sewer Bills
by Rich Thorsten, Shadi Eskaf and Jeff Hughes
in Public Works Management & Policy, Dec. 4, 2008
This article tests the importance of cost, demand, institutional,
and geographic factors on the bills that consumers pay for water and
sewer service in North Carolina and the pricing signals that utilities
send to customers. |
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How Much Does
Clean Water Cost? 2006: The Story Behind the Revenue (book)
North Carolina League of Municipalities, UNC Environmental Finance
Center
This book is a comprehensive report identifying some of the most important
factors influencing water and sewer rate-setting practices.
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Residential
Customer Water & Wastewater Sales Analyses and Profiles (pdf)
by Jeff Hughes, Shadi Eskaf, and Christine Boyle
UNC Environmental Finance Center, Sept. 29,2008
This paper investigates use of customer sales information to support
water services management decisions. The paper examines trends and
relationships related to usage patterns and fluctuations, irrigation
and capacity use, timeliness of payment and cutoff patterns, and geographic
variation within communities.
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One-time
Fees for Residential Water and Sewer Connections in North Carolina
(pdf)
by Andrew Westbrook
UNC Environmental Finance Center, March 27, 2006
This document reports results from an EFC survey of initial, one-time
fees for new residential water and sewer customers in North Carolina.
The survey focused on tap and impact fee amounts for 2005.
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Financial
Analysis of Residential Water and Sewer Rates and Rate Setting Practices
(pdf)
by Jeff Hughes, Shadi Eskaf, and Rich Thorsten
This report presents an analysis of how different components of rate
structures vary across North Carolina and how rates compare to operating
revenues and operating expenses, median household income, and reductions
in consumption levels. |
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Multi-Level
Financial Analysis of Residential Water and Wastewater Rates and Rate-Setting
Practices
by Jeff Hughes, Shadi Eskaf, and Rich Thorsten
in Water Utility Management International, 1.4 (2006)
A five-page paper published after the International Water Association's
2006 World Water Congress, describing the methods used and some results
from our analyses. |
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Water
Pricing Signals in Georgia (pdf)
UNC Environmental Finance Center, 2007
A short memorandum analyzing water price signals, specifically price
signals for water conservation, among utilities across Georgia using
data from the 2006-07 Georgia Water and Sewer Rates Survey. |
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Residential
Water and Sewer Rates in Georgia (pdf)
by Andrew Westbrook, Jeffrey Hughes, Mark Horowitz, and Stacey Isaac
Berahzer
in Proceedings of the 2007 Georgia Water Resources Conference
March 27-29, 2007, University of Georgia
This paper contains a discussion of the residential water rates and
customer's bills based on data from the 2006-07 rates survey. It also
contains a brief discussion on the pricing and revenue stability implications
of various rate structures in Georgia. |
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Water
and Wastewater Rates and Rate Structures in Georgia (pdf)
Poster, 2007 Paying for Water Conference, U.S. EPA, Atlanta, GA
Graphs and figures depict rates and rate setting trends across the
Georgia in 2006-07.
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Lawful
Discrimination in Utility Ratemaking, Part 1 (pdf)
by Kara A. Millonzi
in Local Finance Bulletin, Number 33, Oct. 2006
This bulletin is the first of a two-part series examining constraints
on the power of local government-owned utilities to classify their
customers for the purposes of charging different rents, rates, fees,
charges, and penalties for utility services. Part 1 explores the ability
to discriminate among various types of customers whose properties
lie within the local government’s territorial boundaries.
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Lawful
Discrimination in Utility Ratemaking, Part 2 (pdf)
by Kara A. Millonzi
in Local Finance Bulletin, Number 34, Oct. 2006
This bulletin is the second of a two-part series examining constraints
on the power of local government–owned utilities to classify
their customers for the purposes of charging different rents, rates,
fees, charges, and penalties for utility services. Part 2 focuses
on the classification of utility customers whose properties lie outside
those territorial boundaries. |
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The
Painful Art of Setting Water and Sewer Rates (pdf)
by Jeff Hughes
in Popular Government, Spring/Summer 2005 |
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Public
Water Reclamation Systems in North Carolina (pdf)
by Monica Croskey, Spring 2007
This paper examines the reasons North Carolina public utilities produce
reclaimed water, the methods they use to attract reclaimed water customers,
and the effectiveness of those efforts. Based on the survey results,
recommendations are offered to help public utilities increase their
effectiveness at attracting reclaimed water customers. |
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Comparison
of Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) Programs and other
Federal Assistance to Disadvantaged Communities in EPA Region 4
(pdf)
by Chris Heaney
This paper collects and analyzes information on state revolving fund
programs with a special focus on how states in EPA Region 4 have chosen
to implement disadvantaged community programs. |
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Defining
Affordability: Targeting federal funds to improve water quality to
disadvantaged communities in North Carolina
by
Stacey Isaac, March 23, 2005
This research explores how North Carolina should define a “disadvantaged
community” as it relates to the Drinking Water State Revolving
Fund Program, exploring criteria used by the thirty other states
to suggest specific affordability criteria that North Carolina could
employ to determine which populations are eligible to receive this
type of financial assistance.
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Results
of the Appalachian Region Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure
Funding Survey
UNC Environmental Finance
Center
This survey was authorized by the Appalachian Regional Commission
to identify needs, practices, and strategies related to financing
water and sewer infrastructure projects in the Appalachian region.
In particular the survey was interested in what is likely to happen
in the ARC region in the next 20 years and how that compares to national
level studies on infrastructure funding gaps. |
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Examination
of the Relationships between Public Funding for Water and Sewer Infrastructure
and Indicators of Need in the Appalachian Region from 2000 through
2003 (pdf)
by Matthew T. Richardson (master's thesis)
This paper examines the relationship between public funding distributions
and eight indicators of need in Appalachia for water and sewer infrastructure.
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Water
and Sewer Financial Capacity and Affordability
UNC
Environmental Finance Center
This analysis provides utilities and funding organizations with quantitative
information at the community/utility level on the ability of utilities
to meet anticipated capital financing challenges. As part of the analysis,
EFC researched recent reports and studies on documented needs and
financial capacity. The study focuses on North Carolina and other
EPA Region IV states (Tennessee, South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida,
Georgia, Alabama, and Kentucky).
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Government
Financing for On-Site Wastewater Treatment Facilities in North Carolina
(pdf)
by Jeff Hughes and Adrienne Simonson
in Popular Government, Fall 2005 |
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North
Carolina State Agency Conservation Funding Needs Assessment (pdf)
by Ron Sutherland and Richard Whisnant
UNC Environmental Finance Center, April 16, 2003
This report provides some background details about how to pay for
a major conservation initiative. |
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Costs
and Financing Options for the NC Million Acre Initiative (pdf)
by Richard Whisnant, Richard Norton and Jeremy Firestone
UNC Environmental Finance Center, Jan. 24, 2001
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Charlotte
Charrette on Sustainable Urban Environments: Implementing a Brownfields
Revolving Loan Fund (pdf)
by Richard Whisnant
UNC Environmental Finance Center, Sept. 1, 1999 |
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North
Carolina State Agency Conservation Funding Needs Assessment (pdf)
by Ron Sutherland and Richard Whisnant
UNC Environmental Finance Center
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Paying
for Capital Investment with Resulting Savings: Evaluating Guaranteed
Energy Savings Contracts in North Carolina (pdf)
by Leslie S. Stewart, March 29, 2004
Guaranteed Energy Savings Contracts offer public entities an innovative
option for financing capital improvements that will return energy
savings. Managing these contracts, however, can be a challenging
administrative endeavor. This paper highlights successful management
practices as well as shortcomings in management and contract design
to provide insight for future GESC design and management in North
Carolina. |
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Paying
Up Front for Disposal of Special Wastes (pdf)
by Jeff Hughes
in Popular Government, Winter 2003
This article reports on North Carolina's bans and fees on special
wastes. |
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Wake
County School Recycling Program Case Study (pdf)
An outline of the the Wake County school recycling program case study.
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North Carolina
General Assembly Will Consider Fate of Cleanup Trust Funds
by Jeri Gray, Water Resources Research Institute
in WRRI News, Number 348, July/August 2004
Article discusses the fate of leaking underground storage tanks in
North Carolina.
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Organizational
Issues in Asset Management: Water Systems Assets Example
(pdf)
by Darin Thomas, Finkbeiner, Pettis & Strout
February 19, 2001
Presentation discusses whether asset management planning is a technological
challenge or an organizational challenge.
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The
Utility Management System at JFK International Airport: An Asset Management
Case Study (pdf)
by Edward T. Kura, CDM, Feb. 19, 2002 |
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Unrecorded
Utility Lines – A Second Look (pdf)
by David M. Lawrence
in Local Government Law Bulletin, No. 115, Oct. 2007 |
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